colors = ['alice blue', 'AliceBlue', 'antique white', 'AntiqueWhite', 
          'AntiqueWhite1', 'AntiqueWhite2', 'AntiqueWhite3', 'AntiqueWhite4', 
          'agua', 'aquamarine', 'aquamarine1', 'aquamarine2', 'aquamarine3', 
          'aquamarine4', 'azure', 'azure1', 'azure2', 'azure3', 'azure4', 
          'beige', 'bisque', 'bisque1', 'bisque2', 'bisque3', 'bisque4', 
          'black', 'blanched almond', 'BlanchedAlmond', 'blue', 'blue violet', 
          'blue1', 'blue2', 'blue3', 'blue4', 'BlueViolet', 'brown', 'brown1', 
          'brown2', 'brown3', 'brown4', 'burlywood', 'burlywood1', 
          'burlywood2', 'burlywood3', 'burlywood4', 'cadet blue', 'CadetBlue', 
          'CadetBlue1', 'CadetBlue2', 'CadetBlue3', 'CadetBlue4', 'chartreuse', 
          'chartreuse1', 'chartreuse2', 'chartreuse3', 'chartreuse4', 
          'chocolate', 'chocolate1', 'chocolate2', 'chocolate3', 'chocolate4', 
          'coral', 'coral1', 'coral2', 'coral3', 'coral4', 'cornflower blue', 
          'CornflowerBlue', 'cornsilk', 'cornsilk1', 'cornsilk2', 'cornsilk3', 
          'cornsilk4', 'crymson', 'cyan', 'cyan1', 'cyan2', 'cyan3', 'cyan4', 
          'dark blue', 'dark cyan', 'dark goldenrod', 'dark gray', 
          'dark green', 'dark grey', 'dark khaki', 'dark magenta', 
          'dark olive green', 'dark orange', 'dark orchid', 'dark red', 
          'dark salmon', 'dark sea green', 'dark slate blue', 
          'dark slate gray', 'dark slate grey', 'dark turquoise', 
          'dark violet', 'DarkBlue', 'DarkCyan', 'DarkGoldenrod', 
          'DarkGoldenrod1', 'DarkGoldenrod2', 'DarkGoldenrod3', 
          'DarkGoldenrod4', 'DarkGray', 'DarkGreen', 'DarkGrey', 'DarkKhaki', 
          'DarkMagenta', 'DarkOliveGreen', 'DarkOliveGreen1', 
          'DarkOliveGreen2', 'DarkOliveGreen3', 'DarkOliveGreen4', 
          'DarkOrange', 'DarkOrange1', 'DarkOrange2', 'DarkOrange3', 
          'DarkOrange4', 'DarkOrchid', 'DarkOrchid1', 'DarkOrchid2', 
          'DarkOrchid3', 'DarkOrchid4', 'DarkRed', 'DarkSalmon', 
          'DarkSeaGreen', 'DarkSeaGreen1', 'DarkSeaGreen2', 'DarkSeaGreen3', 
          'DarkSeaGreen4', 'DarkSlateBlue', 'DarkSlateGray', 'DarkSlateGray1', 
          'DarkSlateGray2', 'DarkSlateGray3', 'DarkSlateGray4', 
          'DarkSlateGrey', 'DarkTurquoise', 'DarkViolet', 'deep pink', 
          'deep sky blue', 'DeepPink', 'DeepPink1', 'DeepPink2', 'DeepPink3', 
          'DeepPink4', 'DeepSkyBlue', 'DeepSkyBlue1', 'DeepSkyBlue2', 
          'DeepSkyBlue3', 'DeepSkyBlue4', 'dim gray', 'dim grey', 'DimGray', 
          'DimGrey', 'dodger blue', 'DodgerBlue', 'DodgerBlue1', 'DodgerBlue2', 
          'DodgerBlue3', 'DodgerBlue4', 'firebrick', 'firebrick1', 
          'firebrick2', 'firebrick3', 'firebrick4', 'floral white', 
          'FloralWhite', 'forest green', 'ForestGreen', 'fuchsia', 'gainsboro', 
          'ghost white', 'GhostWhite', 'gold', 'gold1', 'gold2', 'gold3', 
          'gold4', 'goldenrod', 'goldenrod1', 'goldenrod2', 'goldenrod3', 
          'goldenrod4', 'gray', 'gray0', 'gray1', 'gray2', 'gray3', 'gray4', 
          'gray5', 'gray6', 'gray7', 'gray8', 'gray9', 'gray10', 'gray11', 
          'gray12', 'gray13', 'gray14', 'gray15', 'gray16', 'gray17', 'gray18', 
          'gray19', 'gray20', 'gray21', 'gray22', 'gray23', 'gray24', 'gray25', 
          'gray26', 'gray27', 'gray28', 'gray29', 'gray30', 'gray31', 'gray32', 
          'gray33', 'gray34', 'gray35', 'gray36', 'gray37', 'gray38', 'gray39', 
          'gray40', 'gray41', 'gray42', 'gray43', 'gray44', 'gray45', 'gray46', 
          'gray47', 'gray48', 'gray49', 'gray50', 'gray51', 'gray52', 'gray53', 
          'gray54', 'gray55', 'gray56', 'gray57', 'gray58', 'gray59', 'gray60', 
          'gray61', 'gray62', 'gray63', 'gray64', 'gray65', 'gray66', 'gray67', 
          'gray68', 'gray69', 'gray70', 'gray71', 'gray72', 'gray73', 'gray74', 
          'gray75', 'gray76', 'gray77', 'gray78', 'gray79', 'gray80', 'gray81', 
          'gray82', 'gray83', 'gray84', 'gray85', 'gray86', 'gray87', 'gray88', 
          'gray89', 'gray90', 'gray91', 'gray92', 'gray93', 'gray94', 'gray95', 
          'gray96', 'gray97', 'gray98', 'gray99', 'gray100', 'green', 
          'green yellow', 'green1', 'green2', 'green3', 'green4', 
          'GreenYellow', 'grey', 'grey0', 'grey1', 'grey2', 'grey3', 'grey4', 
          'grey5', 'grey6', 'grey7', 'grey8', 'grey9', 'grey10', 'grey11', 
          'grey12', 'grey13', 'grey14', 'grey15', 'grey16', 'grey17', 'grey18', 
          'grey19', 'grey20', 'grey21', 'grey22', 'grey23', 'grey24', 'grey25', 
          'grey26', 'grey27', 'grey28', 'grey29', 'grey30', 'grey31', 'grey32', 
          'grey33', 'grey34', 'grey35', 'grey36', 'grey37', 'grey38', 'grey39', 
          'grey40', 'grey41', 'grey42', 'grey43', 'grey44', 'grey45', 'grey46', 
          'grey47', 'grey48', 'grey49', 'grey50', 'grey51', 'grey52', 'grey53', 
          'grey54', 'grey55', 'grey56', 'grey57', 'grey58', 'grey59', 'grey60', 
          'grey61', 'grey62', 'grey63', 'grey64', 'grey65', 'grey66', 'grey67', 
          'grey68', 'grey69', 'grey70', 'grey71', 'grey72', 'grey73', 'grey74', 
          'grey75', 'grey76', 'grey77', 'grey78', 'grey79', 'grey80', 'grey81', 
          'grey82', 'grey83', 'grey84', 'grey85', 'grey86', 'grey87', 'grey88', 
          'grey89', 'grey90', 'grey91', 'grey92', 'grey93', 'grey94', 'grey95', 
          'grey96', 'grey97', 'grey98', 'grey99', 'grey100', 'honeydew', 
          'honeydew1', 'honeydew2', 'honeydew3', 'honeydew4', 'hot pink', 
          'HotPink', 'HotPink1', 'HotPink2', 'HotPink3', 'HotPink4', 
          'indian red', 'IndianRed', 'IndianRed1', 'IndianRed2', 'IndianRed3', 
          'IndianRed4', 'indigo', 'ivory', 'ivory1', 'ivory2', 'ivory3', 
          'ivory4', 'khaki', 'khaki1', 'khaki2', 'khaki3', 'khaki4', 
          'lavender', 'lavender blush', 'LavenderBlush', 'LavenderBlush1', 
          'LavenderBlush2', 'LavenderBlush3', 'LavenderBlush4', 'lawn green', 
          'LawnGreen', 'lemon chiffon', 'LemonChiffon', 'LemonChiffon1', 
          'LemonChiffon2', 'LemonChiffon3', 'LemonChiffon4', 'light blue', 
          'light coral', 'light cyan', 'light goldenrod', 
          'light goldenrod yellow', 'light gray', 'light green', 'light grey', 
          'light pink', 'light salmon', 'light sea green', 'light sky blue', 
          'light slate blue', 'light slate gray', 'light slate grey', 
          'light steel blue', 'light yellow', 'LightBlue', 'LightBlue1', 
          'LightBlue2', 'LightBlue3', 'LightBlue4', 'LightCoral', 'LightCyan', 
          'LightCyan1', 'LightCyan2', 'LightCyan3', 'LightCyan4', 
          'LightGoldenrod', 'LightGoldenrod1', 'LightGoldenrod2', 
          'LightGoldenrod3', 'LightGoldenrod4', 'LightGoldenrodYellow', 
          'LightGray', 'LightGreen', 'LightGrey', 'LightPink', 'LightPink1', 
          'LightPink2', 'LightPink3', 'LightPink4', 'LightSalmon', 
          'LightSalmon1', 'LightSalmon2', 'LightSalmon3', 'LightSalmon4', 
          'LightSeaGreen', 'LightSkyBlue', 'LightSkyBlue1', 'LightSkyBlue2', 
          'LightSkyBlue3', 'LightSkyBlue4', 'LightSlateBlue', 'LightSlateGray', 
          'LightSlateGrey', 'LightSteelBlue', 'LightSteelBlue1', 
          'LightSteelBlue2', 'LightSteelBlue3', 'LightSteelBlue4', 
          'LightYellow', 'LightYellow1', 'LightYellow2', 'LightYellow3', 
          'LightYellow4', 'lime', 'lime green', 'LimeGreen', 'linen', 
          'magenta', 'magenta1', 'magenta2', 'magenta3', 'magenta4', 'maroon', 
          'maroon1', 'maroon2', 'maroon3', 'maroon4', 'medium aquamarine', 
          'medium blue', 'medium orchid', 'medium purple', 'medium sea green', 
          'medium slate blue', 'medium spring green', 'medium turquoise', 
          'medium violet red', 'MediumAquamarine', 'MediumBlue', 
          'MediumOrchid', 'MediumOrchid1', 'MediumOrchid2', 'MediumOrchid3', 
          'MediumOrchid4', 'MediumPurple', 'MediumPurple1', 'MediumPurple2', 
          'MediumPurple3', 'MediumPurple4', 'MediumSeaGreen', 
          'MediumSlateBlue', 'MediumSpringGreen', 'MediumTurquoise', 
          'MediumVioletRed', 'midnight blue', 'MidnightBlue', 'mint cream', 
          'MintCream', 'misty rose', 'MistyRose', 'MistyRose1', 'MistyRose2', 
          'MistyRose3', 'MistyRose4', 'moccasin', 'navajo white', 
          'NavajoWhite', 'NavajoWhite1', 'NavajoWhite2', 'NavajoWhite3', 
          'NavajoWhite4', 'navy', 'navy blue', 'NavyBlue', 'old lace', 
          'OldLace', 'olive', 'olive drab', 'OliveDrab', 'OliveDrab1', 
          'OliveDrab2', 'OliveDrab3', 'OliveDrab4', 'orange', 'orange red', 
          'orange1', 'orange2', 'orange3', 'orange4', 'OrangeRed', 
          'OrangeRed1', 'OrangeRed2', 'OrangeRed3', 'OrangeRed4', 'orchid', 
          'orchid1', 'orchid2', 'orchid3', 'orchid4', 'pale goldenrod', 
          'pale green', 'pale turquoise', 'pale violet red', 'PaleGoldenrod', 
          'PaleGreen', 'PaleGreen1', 'PaleGreen2', 'PaleGreen3', 'PaleGreen4', 
          'PaleTurquoise', 'PaleTurquoise1', 'PaleTurquoise2', 
          'PaleTurquoise3', 'PaleTurquoise4', 'PaleVioletRed', 
          'PaleVioletRed1', 'PaleVioletRed2', 'PaleVioletRed3', 
          'PaleVioletRed4', 'papaya whip', 'PapayaWhip', 'peach puff', 
          'PeachPuff', 'PeachPuff1', 'PeachPuff2', 'PeachPuff3', 'PeachPuff4', 
          'peru', 'pink', 'pink1', 'pink2', 'pink3', 'pink4', 'plum', 'plum1', 
          'plum2', 'plum3', 'plum4', 'powder blue', 'PowderBlue', 'purple', 
          'purple1', 'purple2', 'purple3', 'purple4', 'red', 'red1', 'red2', 
          'red3', 'red4', 'rosy brown', 'RosyBrown', 'RosyBrown1', 
          'RosyBrown2', 'RosyBrown3', 'RosyBrown4', 'royal blue', 'RoyalBlue', 
          'RoyalBlue1', 'RoyalBlue2', 'RoyalBlue3', 'RoyalBlue4', 
          'saddle brown', 'SaddleBrown', 'salmon', 'salmon1', 'salmon2', 
          'salmon3', 'salmon4', 'sandy brown', 'SandyBrown', 'sea green', 
          'SeaGreen', 'SeaGreen1', 'SeaGreen2', 'SeaGreen3', 'SeaGreen4', 
          'seashell', 'seashell1', 'seashell2', 'seashell3', 'seashell4', 
          'sienna', 'sienna1', 'sienna2', 'sienna3', 'sienna4', 'silver', 
          'sky blue', 'SkyBlue', 'SkyBlue1', 'SkyBlue2', 'SkyBlue3', 
          'SkyBlue4', 'slate blue', 'slate gray', 'slate grey', 'SlateBlue', 
          'SlateBlue1', 'SlateBlue2', 'SlateBlue3', 'SlateBlue4', 'SlateGray', 
          'SlateGray1', 'SlateGray2', 'SlateGray3', 'SlateGray4', 'SlateGrey', 
          'snow', 'snow1', 'snow2', 'snow3', 'snow4', 'spring green', 
          'SpringGreen', 'SpringGreen1', 'SpringGreen2', 'SpringGreen3', 
          'SpringGreen4', 'steel blue', 'SteelBlue', 'SteelBlue1', 
          'SteelBlue2', 'SteelBlue3', 'SteelBlue4', 'tan', 'tan1', 'tan2', 
          'tan3', 'tan4', 'teal', 'thistle', 'thistle1', 'thistle2', 
          'thistle3', 'thistle4', 'tomato', 'tomato1', 'tomato2', 'tomato3', 
          'tomato4', 'turquoise', 'turquoise1', 'turquoise2', 'turquoise3', 
          'turquoise4', 'violet', 'violet red', 'VioletRed', 'VioletRed1', 
          'VioletRed2', 'VioletRed3', 'VioletRed4', 'wheat', 'wheat1', 
          'wheat2', 'wheat3', 'wheat4', 'white', 'white smoke', 'WhiteSmoke', 
          'yellow', 'yellow green', 'yellow1', 'yellow2', 'yellow3', 'yellow4', 
          'YellowGreen', ]

# -*- coding : utf-8 -*-

import tkinter as tk
import lst_nomi as lc


class DefColors(tk.Toplevel):
    ''' Finestra dei colori da applicare basata sui color-names di tkinter. '''
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.title('Selezione dei colori')
        # blocco pannello dei colori
        c_colors = tk.Canvas(self, width=150, bg='black')
        c_colors.grid(row=0, column=0, stick='nsew')
        v_scroll = tk.Scrollbar(self)
        v_scroll.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='ns')
        v_scroll['command'] = c_colors.yview
        c_colors['yscrollcommand'] = v_scroll.set
        right_p = tk.Frame(self, width=100, bg='red')
        right_p.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky='nsew', padx=4, pady=4)
        my_button = tk.Button(self, text='Chiudi finestra', command=self.destroy)
        my_button.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky='nsew')
        self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.grid_columnconfigure(0, minsize=150)
        self.grid_columnconfigure(2, weight=1)
        self.minsize(300,300)
        self.maxsize(500,500)
        self.update()
        self.__populate_colors(c_colors)
    
    def __populate_colors(self, pan):
        colors = lc.colors
        print('In lavorazione', str(len(colors)), 'named-colors')
        if not colors:
            return
        row = 0
        posy = 0
        dim_x = pan.winfo_width()
        for color in colors:
            try:
                id = pan.create_rectangle((0, posy, dim_x, posy+15), fill=color)
                posy += 15
                # i bind dopo i test
                row += 1
            except:
                print(row, ' : ', color, '- scartato')
                pass
        pan.configure(scrollregion=(0, 0, dim_x, posy))
        print(str(row), 'colori accettati')
        
# test

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tk.Tk()
    w = DefColors(root)
    root.mainloop()
        

Uhm, non è che proprio mai nessuno abbia mai pensato di fare una cosa del genere, eh  http://www.science.smith.edu/dftwiki/index.php/Color_Charts_for_TKinter

In windows funziona, nel senso che i nomi dei colori sono hardcodati invece di stare in un file di testo, come dice la doc che ti ho linkato sopra... ma comunque i nomi sono sempre quelli.

Comunque tieni presente che la programmazione è come la torta... la cosa che può servire non è pubblicare la foto della torta già fatta ma la ricetta per fare la torta.
In questo caso, il codice per parsare il file di testo, non il risultato del parsing. Il file sorgente potenzialmente potrebbe essere aggiornato in futuro...

f_names = 'colori_docs_tkinter'

f = open(f_names, 'r')
data_rows = f.read().splitlines()
f.close()
print('data_rows : ', str(len(data_rows)), 'elementi')
colors = {}
counter = 0
for r in data_rows:
    d = r.split()
    value = {}
    value['rgb'] = (int(d[-3]), int(d[-2]), int(d[-1]))
    value['hex'] = '#%02x%02x%02x' % (int(d[-3]), int(d[-2]), int(d[-1]))
    name = ' '.join(d[:-3])
    colors[name] = value
    counter += 1
    if len(d[:-3]) > 1:
         print('%d - valutato' % counter, name)
print('rows : ', str(len(colors)), 'elementi')

f = open('vocab_colori.py', 'w')
stringa = 'colors = {'
f.write(stringa)
stringa = '          '
primariga = True
for key in colors.keys():
    if primariga:
        riga = ''
        primariga = False
    else:
        riga = stringa
    riga += "'"+key+"': {'rgb': ("+str(colors[key]["rgb"][0])+", "+str(colors[key]["rgb"][1])+", "+str(colors[key]["rgb"][2])+")"+", 'hex': '"+colors[key]["hex"]+"'},\n"
    f.write(riga)
f.write('}')
f.close()
          
f = open('lst_nomi.py', 'w')
riga = 'colors = ['
for key in colors.keys():
    if len(riga+"'" + key + "'") < 79:
        riga += "'" + key + "', "
    else:
        f.write(riga + '\n')
        riga = "          " + "'" + key +"', "
f.write(riga)
f.write(']')
f.close()

bisque3 205 183 158
bisque4 139 125 107
black 0 0 0
blanched almond 255 235 205
BlanchedAlmond 255 235 205
blue 0 0 255
...